Seeding rates vary depending on the intended use and the seeding technique. In general, relatively high rates of seeding are recommended, despite the relatively small seed size. When used as a cover crop, seeding rates range from 9-40 lbs. per acre. Use higher rates when broadcasting and when soil protection is important. Suggested fall planting dates are from mid-September until mid-October. Best stand establishment is accomplished when annual ryegrass is drilled 1/2 to 3/4 inch deep into a firm, well-prepared seedbed. Alternative seeding methods that can reduce seedbed preparation but require higher seeding rates are: drill into a rough seedbed prepared by disking, or broadcast over a rough or smooth seedbed and then disk lightly to cover the seed. If the soil is dry, irrigate or plant before a Fall rain. When relay interplanting, broadcast into a standing summer crop immediately before the final cultivation. Increase irrigation frequency while the Annual Ryegrass is germinating for more even establishment. Annual Ryegrass will germinate on the soil surface if adequate moisture is maintained. In annual rotations, kill or incorporate Annual Ryegrass during spring with sufficient time for decomposition to occur before planting the summer crop. Excessive dry matter production can interfere with residue management, spring planting, and N availability to the following crop, so Annual Ryegrass usually is killed or incorporated when still somewhat succulent. Higher rates of herbicide are required to kill Annual Ryegrass than cereal grain cover crops. Annual Ryegrass often is grown in mixtures with legumes. Annual Ryegrass provides early protection of the soil, suppresses weeds, and acts as a nurse crop when seeded with legumes. However, due to its vigorous growth, Annual Ryegrass may smother companion legumes. Reduce Annual Ryegrass seeding rates to decrease annual ryegrass competition for light, water, and nutrients. When used in perennial systems such as orchards and vineyards, Annual Ryegrass can reseed itself if mowing schedules permit seed production. If a temporary cover is desired, you should kill, incorporate, or mow Annual Ryegrass before seed is mature. Annual Ryegrass is likely to tolerate mowing, unless flailed at ground level in very dry conditions, but even then it may survive. Overseed existing lawns at 1-2 lbs. per 1,000 sq. ft. Overseed existing pasture areas at 25 - 50 lbs. per acre. Ryegrass is a cool season variety, plant once nighttime temperatures are consistently 65 degrees and below.